Romania Anti Corruption Institutional Framework
Corruption Perception Index by Transparency International: |
47/100 (2019) |
Government Effectiveness (from -2,5 to +2,5), World Governance Indicators by World Bank: |
-0,17 (2017) |
Control of Corruption (from -2,5 to +2,5), World Governance Indicators by World Bank: |
-0,03 (2017) |
Index of Economic Freedom by Heritage Foundation: |
69.4/100 (2018) |
Corruption (1=best, 7=worst), Nations in Transit by Freedom House: |
3.75 (2018) |
Democracy Score (1=best, 7=worst), Nations in Transit by Freedom House: |
3.46 (2018) |
Romania has set up a comprehensive institutional anti-corruption framework and its National Anticorruption Strategy is developed, monitored and coordinated by the Ministry of Justice. As part of the country’s efforts to curb corruption, specialized law enforcement bodies dedicated to the fight against middle-level and high-level corruption, have been established.
The National Anti-Corruption Directorate (DNA), a specialized anti-corruption prosecution structure within the Prosecutor’s Office attached to the High Court of Cassation and Justice, was set up to deal only with high and medium-level corruption crimes. Petty corruption cases remain under the responsibility of ordinary prosecution offices to avoid an overload of cases. The law grants the directorate autonomy with regard to its jurisdiction, personnel and resources and it is subject to the regular accountability mechanisms. DNA is the only prosecution service having its own judiciary police, consisting of judicial police officers seconded to the DNA, from the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The service known as the General Anti-Corruption Directorate (DGA) within the Ministry of Internal Affairs is a specialized judicial police structure mainly responsible for preventing, investigating and combating corruption within the Ministry’s personnel.
The National Integrity Agency (ANI) is an autonomous institution that aims at organizing in a unitary and institutionalized manner the control of assets acquired during the exercise of mandates or performance of public dignities positions, verification of conflicts of interest, and incompatibilities. The Agency was established as a unique structure operating at national level. Romania is currently implementing its National Anti-corruption Strategy for 2012-2015, which includes cooperation platforms with the private sector and civil society organizations for monitoring achievement.